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GEORGE H SELLERS; or PErENIXvILLE PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Pate-nt No. 82,559, dated September 29, 1868.

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TO ALL WHOM IT CONGERN:

Be it known that I,l Geenen H. SELLERS, of Phoenixville, in the county of Chester, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Making Weldless Links, Ste., from Rolled Bars of Iron; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, cigar, and exact description of the same, reference beinghnd to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 represents a top plan of the machine. i

Figure 2 represents a side elevation of the same.

Figure 3 represents an ond elevation. V

Figure 4 represents a vertical section through a pair of attening-dies, and showing how a. ilateye, and a holo in the suine, are formed on a dat bar.'

Figure 5 represents a top plan of the flattening-dies. i

Figure (i represents a pair of -dies for forming the ball or stock from which the' eye is made on round bars.

Figure 7 represents an elevation of said dies.

Figure 8 represents an end elevationof the said dies. Y v

Figure 9 represents a side elevation of the male die or i'lattener, used in forming the eye and hole in the samc on around bar. v i

Figure 10 represents a-plau of the'femaie die, used with the male die represented in g. 9.

Figure l/l represents a vertical section of the dies or'iiatteners used in making a Hat eye, and ahole in the same, on round bars.

'Similar letters of reference, where they occur in the separate figures., denote like parts of the machine in all of the drawings. A ,A

The methods heretofore essayed for making weldless links and similar articles from bars 'of rolled iron,'by swaging or upsetting, enlarging, and shaping in dies, have failed of Acomplete success, by attempting too much, viz, by trying to force the iron at once into the form it was designed to ultimatelyhave. In attempting this, a practical diiculty occurs, caused' by lthe excessive friction of the particles of metal upsetting upon the dies or formera, which hold it in place, and which prevents th'e iron from receiving its required shape, as -it becomes too cold for the power applied to overcome this friction, and it fails to fill the dies. i i

The plan which I adopt' overcomes the abovePmentioned diiculties, as I rst form my bar into hfpe mor-e easily acquired than the finished shape it has to take. This shape, in all cases, would be 4the natural form that iron would take if force were applied against the end of it while hot; in other words, Iralw'ays, in the irst process I put the bar through, allow it to swell out radially from the centre of the bar, and thus form upon it a 'circular or elliptical swell or enlargement. The iron is then again'reheated, and placed in a secondpair of dies, where this radially forcing out oi'` the metal is continued, and the nal form given to the flat end or eye.

- And my invention consists in making weldless links, and other similar articles,4 by first forcing the end of the bnr up into a circular, elliptical, or spherical form, in suitably-shaped dies, and then subjecting the previously-- swelled-up or enlarged end of the bar to the flattening and bulb-dies, for the purpose of transposing the metal from the place where the bolt-hole is to be made, and driving it towards the perimeter, so as to insure the illing of the dies. i A

To enable others skilled in the art to make and' use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same, with reference'to the accompanying drawings.

A, iig. 1, represents a bed, upon which two semi-dies or farmers, B B, are pivoted, as at C C, so that they may be swung open and shutras may be required. The formera are further supported by straps of Asteel or Y other metal, D, bolted together by bolts, E, which boltsserve also as pivots or shafts for the'lever-cams F .to turn upon, said cams being for the purpose of rigidly holding the two partsB B together-,and against the resistance of the ram r follower G, when it is driven with force against the end ot: the bar on which'the swell or enlargement is to be made. Within the parts or. sections B is formed the die, which is to give the shape, form, and size of the enlargement to be made on the bar. The bar H, in thisv case, is a ilat bar, andis introduced between the shears or sections B, and the latter closed and rigidly clamped by the cam-levers F. The header, ram, or follower G, isthen driven with great force against the end of the bar, which, of course, had been previously heated, and the metal driven into all portions of the die, lling the die full, as it has no other -means of spreading. From these dies, the bar, with the swell or enlargement upon it, is removed, reheated, and laid into the attening-dies I J, in each of which there is a rounded, swelled portion at its centre, as at a a, and when the upper die I is brought down upon the bed-die J', or both brought together, these rounded, swelled portions a a force the metal from the part where the eye is to be bored out, and drive it out radially, thus not l only insuring of the driving of the metal into the moulds, but working the metal around the eye, and giving it strength where it is most required.

If the eye is to be formed upon a round bar, as that at `K, g. 6, then a spherical or elliptical head or swell is first made upon it, it being clamped in dies or foriners, B B, as above mentioned, and operated upon by the follower, header, or ram G, as in the' case of the lat bar, but the shape of the dies made different, and to A give the proper shape to the swell orY stock at the end of the bar. When this is/done, the bar is removed, again heated, and the rounded or other-shaped head laid upon 'the attening-die J, and the other die, I, is brought `down upon it, which attens out this rounded or other-shaped portion. These dies, I J, like those above described, have also the central projecting rounded portions a a, for the purpose of driving the metal from the centre (uwlierevthe eye is to be drilled, bored, or punched,) towards the circumference, insuring the illinfi` of the dies, giving the bolt the exact formof the die, and improving tbe quality of the metal around the'eye, where the greatest or most immediate strain comes upon the bar, and, moreover, saves much of themetal l1cretofore wasted by boring, punching, o'r drilling, as, by my plan, it is transferred to another place, not removed.

In addition to the cross-bars D, for strengthening the dies against the force or pressure ofthe follower, other cross-bars, L, may be u'sed at the opposite ends of the dies, and securedthe'bolts C C. The cams F turn ori the bolts E :is a centre,'and levers M are connected with the cams, to operate them by. i

When a link or enlarged end is to be formed on a dat bar, :is-that shown at H', the bar, being first heated, is put into the dies, and tightly griped therein back ofthe point or place where the enlargement is to be made, and suicient of the bar must pass through the die, and beyond it, to form the swell or enlargement, or to fill the die, or' nearly so, when power is applied to the follower. The dotted li'nes in gs. 1 and 2, show th form and shape of an enlargement, which is much used, and illustrates the process, these dotted lines representing the cavity in the dies which is to be lled by the 'upset metal. The bur being thus placed in the dies, the follower or ram G isibrought against the end of the bnr -that. is within the die, and the metal is forced out into the cavity, and nearly it' not quite filling it, and taking a form approximating that which the swell or enlargement is to have when finished. .This being done, the bar is removed and reheated, and laid in the flattening-die J, and the male die I is brought down with great force upon the previously and partially-wrought-part, the project-ions a a, upon the faces of these iiattening-dies, forcing the metal out of the centre of the flattened portion which forms the part where the eye of the link is to be. This process, it will be observed, forces the'metal radially from the centre, and removes it fromwhere the eye of the bar is tobe, and puts more work upon the metal surrounding the eye, improving its quality, and adding much to the strength of the'metal at a point or part of its greatest endurance. A

The operation upon'a round bar does not diifer from that just above-described on the flat bar. The cavity inthe dies is different, of course, but the bar is heated, placed, and griped in the same way, thegfollower or ram forced down or in, in the same way, but the swell, instead of being flat or oval in form, is round or spherical. The uletal is forced out into this round or spherical form in the same way as in thev operation on the at bar.

' This'done, the bar is removed and reheated, and laid in the flattening-die, figs. 10 and 11, and the male die, figs. 9 and 11, brought down upon the sphere or head, and it is attened out into a disk-form, the lprojections a'a', on the faces of the dies, forcing the metal from the centre, where the eye is to'be,.and driving it out towards the circumference, and filling the dies completely, besides working and strengthening the metal around the eye, where great strain and wear come, and economizing metal, as it is transferred to another part of the eye-bolt by the bulb-dies, and not wasted, as is the case when the bolt-hole is drilled, bored, or punched.

Whenit is desired to enlarge the end of a bolt, so that the proper thread cut-upon it will not, at the bottom of the thread, be less in diameter than the body of the bolt, I prepare a pair of dies,- one end of' which grasps the bolt rmly, while the other is enlarged to the size of the exterior diameter that the thread should have. A plunger iits the die snugly, and when the bar is heated to a welding-heat, placed, and seized in the dies, the plunger is brought down or driven in, and the end of the bar is swelled out 'to the size required for such screw-thread. 'A

Having thus fully described my invention, and Shown how the same is'` accomplished, what I claim therein asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- Y In making weldless links, and other similar articles, subjecting thel previously swelled-up or enlarged end of the bar tothe flattening and bulb-dies, substantially such as described, for the purpose of transposing the metal from the place where the bolt-hole is to be, and driving it towards the perimeter, as and for the purpose herein set forth.

' GEO. H. SELLERS. Witnesses:

HARRY C. FRANCIS, R. G. HUGHES. 

